Sources and methods

Where every figure in the Observatory comes from, when it was published and what it means. A figure we cannot back up is not published.

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Services on the map

The services on the map are the Association’s own record. The starting point was the previous AMHP map (Esri), copied in full in September 2026: 801 services registered with the Care Quality Commission and 1,093 services that are not registered, with their organisation, type, specialisms, location and membership of AMHP. Since then the record is kept up to date by the AMHP team in the management panel and through the “Report a missing service” and “Suggest a correction” forms, which are checked by the team before anything appears on the map.

Figures for areas

Every figure that can be shown for an integrated care board, a local authority, a constituency or a region, with where it comes from and what it does and does not tell you. The same notes appear next to the figures on the map and on the Insights page.

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How the figures are worked out

Counts of services follow the filters chosen on the map: an area’s count is the number of services shown that sit inside its outline. Rates per 100,000 people divide that count by the area’s population (Census 2021). A region is one of the seven NHS England regions, or Wales; its figures are the counts of its integrated care boards (in Wales, of its local authorities) added up, so a region has every figure that is a count or a share of a count, and no figure that cannot be added up, such as an average. The count of A&E departments is the number of hospitals inside an area’s outline that list an accident and emergency department on the NHS website; it covers England only. Census figures for parliamentary constituencies (boundaries of July 2024, England and Wales) are added up from Census output areas with the best-fit lookup published by the Office for National Statistics, which is how ONS makes its own estimates for constituencies; sexual orientation and gender identity are taken as ONS publishes them for the constituencies. Shares such as “Aged 16 to 24” divide the count from the Census by the area’s total population, so they are a share of all residents even where the Census question was asked of a smaller group (for example sexual orientation, asked of people aged 16 and over). Area shading puts the areas into five groups of equal size (quintiles), from the lowest fifth to the highest fifth of values; the legend shows the range in each group. Deprivation deciles come from the English Indices of Deprivation 2025, published for the neighbourhoods of 2021, where 1 is the most deprived tenth of neighbourhoods in England and 10 the least deprived; the average decile of an area is the plain average of its neighbourhoods. Figures from the previous workforce map are reproduced as AMHP compiled them, with their period; two series of workforce numbers exist (the 2023 map and the November 2024 update) and are on a different basis, so they are shown separately. The estimate of people likely to need mental health support is, for an integrated care board, the one from the previous workforce map; for a local authority or a constituency in England and Wales it is worked out the same way as on that map: 1 in 6 residents aged 15 and under plus 1 in 4 residents aged 16 and over, from the Census 2021 population. The same rates give an estimate for each age group. The rates are kept in the map settings and are working figures until they are agreed. “Services for every 10,000 people likely to need support” divides the services shown by that estimate, and the fifth of areas with the lowest figure are listed as gaps: few services on this map for the estimated need, which is not the same as a measure of unmet need.